祉是什么意思

???????????? (???????: Chemistry, ?????????? ;) ?? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???. ????? ??????, ??????? ???????, ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????. ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????.
??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????. ????, ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. [4] ?????????? ??????? ???????????? (??????????????), ????????? ??????? ???????? (?????????), ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? (???????????????), ?????????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? (?????????), ???? ??? ????? ????? (??????????), ??? ????????????? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? (????????) ??? ???? ??????.
??????????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? glazes ?????, ???? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ???????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?. ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????, ????????? ???? ????, ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???-????????? ????????? ???. ?????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????. ?????????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????/ ?????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???? ????. ???????????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? (1661) ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????. ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????. ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???.
??????????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???. ????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ????? ????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????.
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- ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? (???????????? ?????? ????) - ????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? (??????? ?????)
- ^ "Inorganic chemistry". Wikipedia (??????? ?????). 2025-08-04.
- ^ "Organic chemistry". Wikipedia (??????? ?????). 2025-08-04.
- ^ "Physical chemistry". Wikipedia (??????? ?????). 2025-08-04.
- ^ "Analytical chemistry". Wikipedia (??????? ?????). 2025-08-04.